review article friend

this is the points from RAHAYU OKABRIYANTI which review an article about. semantic theory

The branches of semantics

       sociolinguistics, the study of the sociological aspects of language. The discipline concerns itself with the part language plays in maintaining the social roles in a community. Sociolinguists attempt to isolate those linguistic features that are used in particular situations and that mark the various social relationships among the participants and the significant elements of the situation. Influences on the choice of sounds, grammatical elements, and vocabulary items may include such factors as age, sex, education, occupation, race, and peer-group identification, among others. For example, an American English speaker may use such forms as “He don’t know nothing” or “He doesn’t know anything,” depending on such considerations as his level of education, race, social class or consciousness, or the effect he wishes to produce on the person he is addressing. In some languages, such as Japanese, there is an intricate system of linguistic forms that indicate the social relationship of the speaker to the hearer.

Social dialects, which exhibit a number of socially significant language forms, serve to identify the status of speakers; this is especially evident in England, where social dialects transcend regional dialectboundaries.

review article about semantcs

Theorizing qualitative research interview in applied linguistics

Interview have long been used as a method in applied linguistics for the investigation of an extraordinary array of phenomena. In quantitative research, interview have been used to generate insights into matters as varied as cognitive processes in language  learning, lexical inferencing,motivation, language attitudes,program evaluation, language classroom pedagogy, language profiency, and learner autonomy ( see.eg. brown 1988  ; dornyei 2007 ; gass and mackey 2007). In qualitative research, interview have featured in ethnographies, case studies,and action research concerning an equally diverse array of topics,as well as narrative inquiries, (auto) biographical research, and, of course, interview studies, which investigate participans identities, experiences, belief, life histories,and more (see e. g. Burnaby and Sun 1989;simon-maeda 2004;b Barkuizen 2009). In fact, given the recent shift away from paradigm wars to mixed methods research ( Bryman 2006; Creswel 2009;Denzin). 

from google scholar

http://applij.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/11/25/applin.amq045.short

 

hasil review  

The tittle " THEORIZING QUALITATIVE RESEARCH INTERVIEWS IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS"
Author ( steven talmy and keith richards) and i taken article from google scholar in journal countent.
Page 1.

One method to examine an array is with the execution of the interview. It's been a very long interview used in the science of linguistics, interviews were conducted to examine a set of variables that have the same data type and declared with the same name or the so-called (array). In qualitative research, interviews has also produced a wide range of insights such as issues related to the ability to develop rational / reasonable (the cognitive processes in learning English). In addition, interviews have also produced penelitianya about inrensial lexical, maybe we rarely or even never heard of inrensial lexical actually a form of words that do not have a reference / source (has no meaning), for example: the word, such as and, or, because of that. At the time of our interview, we will also find motivation in it and we will certainly be asked about where you get inspiration, motivation besides there is also the attitude of Languages, program evaluation, pedagogy Language classes. Pedagogy is the science or art of being a teacher, this term refers to the strategy of learning / teaching styles do a teacher.

 Besides the ability of language is also very important to support learning. Method personal interview has also produced an active that can make sense of its own and as an active agent in the learning process itself or the so-called ontonomi this study according to the study (Brown 1988; Dornyei 2007; Gass and Mackey 2007). In the interview has also produced in the form of ethnographic case studies, ethnography itself refers to the application of empirical data about society and human culture, ethnographic case study is usually done by the participants, interviews, questionnaires, etc. in addition to the research actions concerning the same person, but a variety of topics and do also questions or communicating directly narrative, biographical research (figures in question) and of course the interview study investigating the identity of the experience, the history of life (Burnaby and Sun 1989; Simon-Maeda, 2004; Barkuizen 2009). But it has increasingly shifted the interview had started considering shifting rarely done because the latest and most recent war era and also from the war paradigm mixed methods research (Bryman 2006; Creswell, 2009; Denzin).