assignment MID SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Name : TIKA DESTIA NINDIA (5b)

And this is answers from your question

1.      Socio is society, and linguistics is a language study. So sociolinguistics is a study of language that is related to social conditions [studied by social sciences, especially sociology].

2.      because, Sociolinguistics will guide us in communicating by showing what language, language or language style we should use if we talk to a certain person. For example if we are a child in a family, of course we have to use different languages / different styles if our interlocutors are father, mother, brother, or sister. If we are a student, we must use different languages or styles of teachers, to classmates or to fellow students of higher class. Sociolinguistics will also show how we should speak when we are in a mosque, library room, park, market, or also on a football pitch.

3.       Some say that language is part of the culture, but some say that language and culture are two different things, but have a very close relationship, so it can not be separated. and Some say that language is strongly influenced by culture, so everything in the culture will be reflected in the language. Conversely, there is also a saying that language is strongly influenced culture and way of thinking human or community speakers. Thus the relationship of language and culture like conjoined twins, du phenomenon is very closely like two sides of the coin, one side as the language system and the other as a cultural system.

4.       

• Phonetics, the study of the sounds of human language

• Phonology(or phonemics), the study of patterns of a language's basic sounds

• Morphology, the study of the internal structure of words

• Syntax, the study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences

• Semantics,the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed   wordcombinations ( phraseology), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentences

•Pragmatics,the study of how utterances are used (literally, figurativy, or otherwise) in communicative acts

•Discourse analysis, the study of sentences organized into texts

•Lexicography, the compiling of dictionaries. Lexicography could be seen as a branch of applied linguistics.

•Applied linguistics ,The application of the methods and results of linguistics tosuch areas as language teaching; national language policies; translation; languagein politics, advertising, classrooms and courts (forensic linguistics).

5.      A standard language or standard variety may be defined either as a language variety used by a population for public purposes or as a variety that has undergone standardization.

[1] Typically, varieties that become standardized are the local dialects spoken in the centers of commerce and government, where a need arises for a variety that will serve more than local needs. Standardization typically involves a fixed orthography, codification in authoritative grammars and dictionaries and public acceptance of these standards. A standard written language is sometimes termed by the German word Schriftsprache.

6.      - A dialect is a regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary. Adjective: dialectal. The term dialect is often used to characterize a way of speaking that differs from the standard variety of the language. Nonetheless, as David Crystal explains below, "Everyone speaks a dialect." for example if we are in the community must be around Java language and if we are in Padang then the community will use the language Minang

-          In sociolinguistics, an accent (/ˈæksɪnt/ or /-ɛnt/) is a manner of pronunciation peculiar to a particular individual, location, or nation.

[1] An accent may be identified with the locality in which its speakers reside (a regional or geographical accent), the socio-economic status of its speakers, their ethnicity, their caste or social class (a social accent), or influence from their first language (a foreign accent) . as use language in Banjarnegara which use Ngapak Language.

- Language is the sum of the parts (individual dialects). For example, the English language is the total sum of a collection of sublanguages such as Australian English, Cockney, and Yorkshire English.

7.      Example formal language and informal language

Formal	informal
commence	start
terminate	end
endeavour	try

8.      Bahasa yang digunakan oleh setiap orang bukan tidak mungkin untuk berbeda antara yang satu dengan yang lain. Hal inilah yang sering dikenal dengan istilah variasi bahasa. Kekhususan dalam masing-masing kelompok bisa ditandai oleh adanya penggunaan variasi bahasa yang digunakan dalam suatu interaksi oleh pemakainya (Kartomiharjo, 1988: 4). Variasi dalam masing-masing kelompok ini dikenal dengan ragam bahasa atau variasi bahasa. 

9.      I will use the Pidgin language, because Pidgin can be formed when there are two or more people in a set and it will produce understandable communication.

10.  people use the code switching because everyone does not understand the language we use suppose we use BATAK language and your neighbor or your opponent is a Java person. so, to mediate between the two languages it is to use Indonesian to be understood.

then why do people use code mixing? because someone seen from one of them is his social status for example there is a gang of women they must use code mixing to clarify their social status, they will combine Indonesian language and english.

11.  Example Code mixing

Harry : saya will go to pasar with my mother besok pagi

Dinda : please belikan saya sebuah flowers yang big

Example code switching

Harry : kue wes krungu berita seng anyar dino iki urug din?

Dinda : you rung la opo si emange?

Kanya : tiba2 datang dengan mengatakan kalian berbicara apa?

Lalu harry menjelaskan

Harry : kami sedang membicarakan berita terbaru hari ini.